핵심 사항
- Sampling protocol and umpire laboratory are as important as the limits themselves.
- Define the remedy: rejection, price adjustment or reprocessing.
- State which analytical result prevails and within what timeframe.
Sampling and the prevailing result
State who samples, by what protocol, how samples are sealed, split and retained, and whose result prevails. Without this the parties end up with two valid results and no mechanism to resolve them.
Umpire procedure
Name the mutually accepted independent laboratory, the sample it will test, the time limit for referral and who bears the cost depending on the outcome. This single clause resolves most disputes without escalation.
Remedies proportionate to the deviation
Minor deviations usually suit a price-adjustment scale; safety-related deviations require rejection. Writing a graduated remedy avoids a situation where the only available response is disproportionate to the problem.
확인 항목
- Sampling protocol, sample retention and sealing described in the contract
- Named umpire laboratory and referral time limit
- Graduated remedies matched to deviation severity
관리 리스크
- Two conflicting results with no agreed resolution route
- Claim time limit expiring before destination testing is complete
- Only remedy available being full rejection of a marginally deviating lot
흔한 실수
- Relying on a purchase order with no quality annex
- Omitting the retention sample requirement
- Setting claim windows shorter than realistic laboratory turnaround
자주 묻는 질문
How long should the claim window be?
Long enough to complete sampling, laboratory analysis and internal review after discharge. Windows set without reference to actual turnaround times routinely expire before evidence exists.
Are retention samples necessary?
They are the practical basis of most dispute resolution. Sealed, split, jointly witnessed samples held by both parties and the umpire make later analysis meaningful.