饲料原料规格逐项解读
分析证书上的每一项指标都有其存在的理由。本知识库解释每项规格测什么、如何检测、常见数值范围，以及买方在接收货物前应核实什么——不推荐、不排名任何供应商。
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Nutrient composition
Crude Protein
Crude protein is nitrogen content multiplied by a conversion factor (usually 6.25); it estimates total protein but says nothing about amino-acid quality or digestibility.
查看解读Moisture
Moisture is water content expressed as a percentage; it dilutes every other nutrient, drives mould and mycotoxin risk in storage, and is the single most disputed parameter in bulk feed trade.
查看解读Ash
Ash is the inorganic residue after complete combustion; it indicates total mineral content and, in protein meals, is a practical marker for bone, shell, sand or mineral adulteration.
查看解读Fat, Oil & Residual Oil
Fat content sets the energy density of an ingredient and, together with fatty-acid profile and oxidation status, determines both nutritional value and storage stability.
查看解读Crude Fibre & Fibre Fractions
Crude fibre is a legacy proximate measure of indigestible plant structure; NDF, ADF and total dietary fibre describe the same material more precisely and are what modern formulation uses.
查看解读Nutritional performance
Energy Values (ME, NE, DE)
Energy values are calculated or measured estimates of the usable energy an ingredient delivers to a specific species; they are matrix values, not analytical certificates.
查看解读Amino Acid Profile
The amino-acid profile — and above all digestible lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan — is what protein ingredients are actually bought for in modern formulation.
查看解读Digestibility
Digestibility expresses the proportion of a nutrient the animal can actually absorb; it converts an analytical composition into a nutritional value.
查看解读Physical properties
Particle Size & Granulometry
Particle size distribution governs mixing homogeneity, pellet quality, digestive efficiency and segregation risk, and is specified as a geometric mean diameter with a distribution, not a single sieve figure.
查看解读Purity, Foreign Matter & Adulteration
Purity covers everything that should not be in the cargo — foreign matter, other-grain admixture, hulls, soil, packaging debris and deliberate adulterants — and is verified by physical inspection plus targeted analysis.
查看解读Contaminants & safety
Mycotoxins
Mycotoxins are toxic fungal metabolites — aflatoxins, DON, zearalenone, fumonisins, ochratoxin A, T-2/HT-2 — that form in the field and in storage and are regulated with species-specific limits.
查看解读Heavy Metals & Trace Contaminants
Heavy metals — lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury — accumulate in animal tissues and are regulated in feed materials, with mineral sources and marine ingredients carrying the highest inherent risk.
查看解读Oxidation & Rancidity Indices
Oxidation degrades fats and fat-soluble vitamins, and is tracked through peroxide value, anisidine value, TOTOX and free fatty acids — a set that must be read together, not individually.
查看解读Microbiological Quality
Microbiological specifications control Salmonella, Enterobacteriaceae, moulds and yeasts, protecting animal health, plant hygiene and — for several species — the human food chain.
查看解读Contract & measurement
Tolerances & Analytical Variation
Every analytical result carries measurement uncertainty; contractual tolerances define how much variation is accepted before a price adjustment, rejection or claim is triggered.
查看解读Shelf Life & Stability
Shelf life is the period over which an ingredient retains its declared specification under defined storage conditions; it is a conditional statement, not a fixed property of the material.
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